Acid - Base Tritation

 Acid -Base Tritation It is the branch of analytical chemistry in which acid react with base or alkali or vice versa.  Acid When acid disslove in water it give Hydrogen ion.                   HA---------------------H + A  Base When base disslove in water it give Hydroxyl ion.           BOH-------------------------------B...

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Analytical chemistry

 Analytical chemistry Analytical chemistry is a science of chemical characterization.  A complete,characterization of a compound must include both qualitative and quantative analysis.  Qualitative analysis  In qualitative analysis , the chemist concerned with the detection or identification of the elements present in a compound.  Quanitative analysis  In quanitative analysis, the,relative anount of elements are determined.  Steps of quantative analysis   (1) Obtaining a sample for analysis  (2)...

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Azimuthal quantum number

Azimuthal quantum number The azimuthal quantum number is a quantum number for an atomic orbital that determines its orbital angular momentum and describes the shape of the orbital. ... It is also known as the orbital angular momentum quantum number, orbital quantum number or second quantum number. Symbol Its symbol is l. Shapes In shell s it have a spherical shape. In shell p it have a dumbell...

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Quantum Numbers

                            Quantum Number They are four quantum number Which describe the electron in an atom.  Denoted  They are denoted by n, l, m s, called the principal quantum number,azimutual quantum number, magnetic quantum number , and spin quantum number, respectively.  1. Principal Quantum number   This quantum number describes the motion...

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Periodic Table

Periodic Table Dobereiner" Triads  A german chemist dobereiner observed relationship between atomic masses of several group of three elements called triads. In these group, the central or middle element had atomic mass average of the other two elements. One triad group example is that of calcium(40),strontium (88) and barium(138).  Newlands Octaves  After successful determination of correct atomic masses of elements by Cannizzaro...

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Charles Laws

Charles Laws It is a quanitative relationship between temperature and volume of gas and was given by french scientist J. Charles in 1787.  Definition  The volume of the given mass of a gas is ditectly proportional to the absolute temperature when the pressure is kept constant.                        V proportional T                  ...

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Graphical Explanation Charles Law

We plot a graph between temperature on x axis and volume of one mole of an ideal gas on y axis. We get a straight line which cuts the temperature axix at _273.16C°. This can be possible only if we extrapolate the graph upto _273.16C°.  If the substance remain in the gaseous state then we achieve this lowest temperature . Above this temperature all gases are converted into liquid . If we taken the temoerature on kelvin scale then temperature...

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Liquid and Solid

Matter composition The existence of matter in our surrounding in the form of gases liquid and solid is xue to difference of interacting forces among the constituent particles.   There are four forces are mentioned here 1. Dipole dipole force 2.Ion dipole force  3.Dipole induce dipole force 4.Instantaneous dipole induce dipole force or london despersion  forces.  Dipole dipole force  The positive end of one molecule attract...

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Structure of Atom

 Introduction  John Dalton John Dalton said in 1808 that matter is made up of indivisible particle called atoms. Electron and proton are essential part of matter.  The name electron was proposed by stoney.  Other Scientists  Various experiment done by J.J Thomson , GoldStein, Millikan confirmed the divisibility of atom. Millikan, in charge electron.  Thomson, Model of atom.  In 1904, J.J Thomson suggested...

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Discovery of Cathode rays

                          Discovery of Cathode rays Experiment A gas discharge tube is fitted with two metallic electrodes acting as cathode and anode. The tube is fitted with a gas ,air or vapours of a substance at any desired pressure. The electrodes are connected to a source of high voltage. The exact voltage required...

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Scales of thermometery

Scales of thermometery There are three scales of thermometery which are used for temperature messurements.  Centigrade scale:                             It has a zero mark for the temperature of ice at one atmosphere pressure. The mark 100 c° indicates the temperature of boiling water at 1 atmospheric pressure. The space between these temperature marks is divided into 100 equal parts and each parts is 1° c.  Fahrenheit scale:          ...

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Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons  Hydrocarbons amare organic compound which contain carbon and hydrocarbons.  Saturated hydrocarbons  If the valancies of the carbon atoms in a molecules are fully satisfied by a sigma bond.   UnSaturated hydrocarbons  If the valancy of carbon atoms are not fully satisfied by a sigma bond and pi bondis called double or triple bond.   Alkenes  Unsaturated hydrocarbons which contain double bond are alkenes  Alkynes  Unsaturated hydrocarbons which contain triple bond  are called...

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Organic compound

 Organic compound The Study of compound of carbon and hydrogen and,their derivatives is,called organic compound.  Classification of organic compound  (i) Open chain or Alicylic compound  (ii) Closed chain or cylic compound  Open chain or Alicyclic chain                                                The compound in which first and last carbon are not directly linked with each other. It is also called...

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Functional group

Definition An atom or group of atom or double or triple bond which specifies the properties of organic compound. Six million organic compound are known. Chemical classGroupFormulaGraphical FormulaPrefixSuffixExample Acyl halideHaloformylRCOXhaloformyl--oyl halide Acetyl chloride (Ethanoyl chloride) AlcoholHydroxylOHhydroxy--ol Methanol AldehydeAldehydeRCHOoxo--al :Acetaldehyde (Ethanal) AlkaneAlkylRHnalkyl--ane Methane AlkeneAlkenylR2C=CR2alkenyl--ene Ethylene (Ethene) AlkyneAlkynylRC≡CR'alkynyl--yne Acetylene (Ethyne) AmideCarboxamideRCONR2carboamidodo--amide Acetamide (Ethanamide) AminesPrimary...

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