Liquid and Solid

Matter composition

The existence of matter in our surrounding in the form of gases liquid and solid is xue to difference of interacting forces among the constituent particles.  
There are four forces are mentioned here

1. Dipole dipole force
2.Ion dipole force 
3.Dipole induce dipole force
4.Instantaneous dipole induce dipole force or london despersion 
forces.

 Dipole dipole force

 The positive end of one molecule attract to the negative end of another molecules and these electrostatic force of attraction are called Dipole dipole force.

 Example 

 Hcl ,Chloroform

 Greater the strength of these dipole dipole forces , greater are the value of thermodynamic parameter like melting ,boiling point, heat of vapoirization and heat of sublimation.

 Dipole Induce dipole force 

 The positive end of the polar molecule attracts the mobile electron of the nearby non polar molecules. In this way polarity is created in non polar molecules and both molecules become dipoles. These,are also called Debye forces .

Ion dipole forces

 The force of attraction is present between the ions of the molecules.

London forces

 The momentry force of attraction created between instantaneous dipole and induce dipoleis called london forces. It is present in all types of molecules whether polar or non polar, but it is special for non polar moleculeslike chlorine and hydrogen and noble gases.

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