An atom or group of atom or double or triple bond which specifies the properties of organic compound. Six million organic compound are known.
| Chemical class | Group | Formula | Graphical Formula | Prefix | Suffix | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acyl halide | Haloformyl | RCOX |  | haloformyl- | -oyl halide |  Acetyl chloride (Ethanoyl chloride) |
| Alcohol | Hydroxyl | OH | hydroxy- | -ol |  Methanol | |
| Aldehyde | Aldehyde | RCHO |  | oxo- | -al |  :Acetaldehyde (Ethanal) |
| Alkane | Alkyl | RHn |  | alkyl- | -ane |  Methane |
| Alkene | Alkenyl | R2C=CR2 |  | alkenyl- | -ene |  Ethylene (Ethene) |
| Alkyne | Alkynyl | RC≡CR' |  | alkynyl- | -yne |  Acetylene (Ethyne) |
| Amide | Carboxamide | RCONR2 |  | carboamidodo- | -amide |  Acetamide (Ethanamide) |
| Amines | Primary amine | RNH2 |  | amino- | -amine |  Methylamine (Methanamine) |
| Secondary amine | R2NH |  | amino- | -amine |  Dimethylamine | |
| Tertiary amine | R3N |  | amino- | -amine |  Trimethylamine | |
| 4° ammonium ion | R4N+ |  | ammonio- | -ammonium |  Choline | |
| Azo compound | Azo (Diimide) | RN2R' |  | azo- | -diazene |  Methyl orange |
| Toluene derivative | Benzyl | RCH2C6H5 RBn | benzyl- | 1-(substituent)toluene |  Benzyl bromide (1-Bromotoluene) | |
| Carbonate | Carbonate ester | ROCOOR |  | alkyl carbonate | ||
| Carboxylate | Carboxylate | RCOO− | carboxy- | -oate |  Sodium acetate (Sodium ethanoate) | |
| Carboxylic acid | Carboxyl | RCOOH |  | carboxy- | -oic acid |  Acetic acid (Ethanoic acid) |
| Cyanates | Cyanate | ROCN |  | cyanato- | alkyl cyanate | |
| Thiocyanate | RSCN |  | thiocyanato- | alkyl thiocyanate | ||
| Ether | Ether | ROR' |  | alkoxy- | alkyl alkyl ether |  Diethyl ether (Ethoxyethane) |
| Ester | Ester | RCOOR' |  | -oate |  Ethyl butyrate (Ethyl butanoate) | |
| Haloalkane | Halo | RX |  | halo- | alkyl halide |  Chloroethane (Ethyl chloride) |
| Hydroperoxide (see organic peroxide) | Hydroperoxy | ROOH |  | hydroperoxy- | alkyl hydroperoxide |  Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide |
| Imine | Primary ketimine | RC(=NH)R' |  | imino- | -imine | |
| Secondary ketimine | RC(=NR)R' |  | imino- | -imine | ||
| Primary aldimine | RC(=NH)H |  | imino- | -imine | ||
| Secondary aldimine | RC(=NR')H |  | imino- | -imine | ||
| Isocyanide | Isocyanide | RNC | isocyano- | alkyl isocyanide | ||
| Isocyanates | Isocyanate | RNCO |  | isocyanato- | alkyl isocyanate | |
| Isothiocyanate | RNCS |  | isothiocyanato- | alkyl isothiocyanate |  Allyl isothiocyanate | |
| Ketone | Ketone | RCOR' |  | keto-, oxo- | -one |  Methyl ethyl ketone (Butanone) |
| Nitrile | Nitrile | RCN |  | cyano- |
alkanenitrile
alkyl cyanide |  Benzonitrile (Phenyl cyanide) |
| Nitro compound | Nitro | RNO2 |  | nitro- |  Nitromethane | |
| Nitroso compound | Nitroso | RNO |  | nitroso- |  Nitrosobenzene | |
| Peroxide | Peroxy | ROOR |  | peroxy- | alkyl peroxide |  Di-tert-butyl peroxide |
| Benzene derivative | Phenyl | RC6H5 |  | phenyl- | -benzene |  Cumene (2-phenylpropane) |
| Phosphine | Phosphino | R3P |  | phosphino- | -phosphane |  Methylpropylphosphane |
| Phosphodiester | Phosphate | HOPO(OR)2 |  | phosphoric acid di(substituent) ester | di(substituent) hydrogenphosphate | DNA |
| Phosphonic acid | Phosphono | RP(=O)(OH)2 |  | phosphono- | substituent phosphonic acid |  Benzylphosphonic acid |
| Phosphate | Phosphate | ROP(=O)(OH)2 |  | phospho- |  Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate | |
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