Hibridization of orbitals and shapes and molecules

Definition

 Intermixing of degenerate atomic orbitals to give nee set of hibrid orbitals is called hybridization. 

 Types

 Sp3 Hibridization 

One s and three p atomic orbitals intermix to give rise new set of four hybrid orbitals having same shape and energy or tetrahedral. Angle 109.5 in space Sigma formation 

Example 
Methane

SP2 hybridization

The process of intermixing of one S and two P orbitals to give three identical hybrid orbitals is known as Sp2 or trigonal hybridization. Therefore the molecule gets trigonal planar with bond angle of 1200.

In sp hybridization

 the s orbital overlaps with only one p orbital. Atoms that exhibit sp hybridizationhave sp orbitals that are linearly oriented