Reduction by Alkyl Halides

Reduction by Alkyl Halides Alkanes can be prepared by the reduction of alkyl halides with the help of different methods.   1)Reduction by dissolve metals An alkane is prepared or produced When Zn reacts with alkyl group in the presence of aqueous acid such as hydrochloric acid.or acetic acid  Equation  RX + Zn +HX________ZnX+ RH  Similarly   RCl+ Zn + HCl______ZnCl2 + RH  Transferring of electron from metals,to the substrate , followed by the transfer of proton from the acids.  Zn__________Zn2+ ...

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Nitration

Nitration It is another substitution reactionof alkanes. Introduction of nitro group in alkanes is called nitration. OR  Replace the hydrogen with nitro group is called nitration. (-NO2).   Explanation A gaseous mixture of alkane and a large excess of 60% nitruc acid is passed rapidly through a narrow tube at elevated temperature(400), where upon a complex mixture of mononitroalkanes is obtained.  Under the reaction conditions the alkanes molecules also undergo fragmentation. In this reaction oxidation products are carbon...

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Substitution reactions of Alkanes

Halogenation  Halogenation   Introduction of halogen group in alkane is called halogenations. It is a substitution reaction.   Or   Replace the hydrogen with halogen in alkanes is called halogenation.  It is a free radical mechanism. The halogenation of alkanes involves in three steps   Initiation   Propagation  Termination  Initiation  Cl___Cl »»»»»» Cl° + Cl  Propagation   C°H3+...

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Preparation of Alkane

1) Hydrogenation of Alkenes  Addition of hydrogen to a multiple bond is called hydrogenation. Alkenes can be prepared by the catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes. When a solution of an alkene in ethanol , methnol , or acetic acid is shajen under slightly pressure of hydrogen gas in the presence of a small quantity of finely divided nickle platinum, or palldium, at room temperature , alkenes are converted into alkanes   Equation      Exothermic...

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Nomencluture of Alkanes

1) Locate the longest contineous chain of carbon . This chain is called the parent chain.  2) Number the longest chain begining from the end of the chain nearer the substituent.  3) Use the number obtained by the application of rule 2 to designate the location of the substituent groups. 4) When two or more substituent are present , give each substituent a number crossponding to its location...

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Alkanes

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